What is CNC?
Actually CNC is abbreviated as Computer Numerical Control. This means a computer outputs the number from getting the input as designs which are produced by CAD(Computer Aided Design software). The numbers are nothing but the coordinates of a graph and they are used to control the movement of the cutter.
What is CNC Precision Machining?
CNC Machining is a process used in the manufacturing sector that involves the use of computers to control machine tools. Tools that can be controlled in this manner include lathes, mills, routers and grinders. The CNC in CNC Machining stands for Computer Numerical Control.
Regarding its appearance, it looks just like a normal PC. The unique software and the control console of this system really differs and makes the system stand apart from normal PC. This difference fits for the use in CNC machining.
As I told before, the numeric control functions the machine. The machine programs are inbuilt with CNC machining languages. The programming code is known as “G- CODE”. This code has essential power with features like feed rate, coordination, location, and speeds. To be simple, the computer embedded with CNC machining language can control the machine’s positioning, velocity, and even used for manufacturing metal and plastic parts.
How coding works?
Initially, CAD drawing will be created. It may be either 2D or 3D. The code will be created for this which will be understood by CNC machine. Once coding is done, the program will be loaded which then tested by an operator to make sure that it is problem free. This testing is known as “cutting air”. Thus, the coding works.
Common conventions used in describing CNC procedures
Previously I have mentioned 2D or 3D. It is nothing but common conventions used in CNC precision machining. There are many another axis which we going to see now.
2 Axis – It has only X and Y axis which are interpolated together. There is no Z(vertical) axis.
2.5 Axis – Here the Z(vertical) plane will be used to change the levels.
3 Axis – If cutting requires controlled movement of X, Y, Z axes, this will be used.
4 Axis – It requires additional 1 rotary axis movement.
5 Axis – It includes 2 rotary axis movements